PS 1, PS2 and PS4
An indigenous probiotic preparation for the prevention of Vibrios and Luminescent Bacteria (In Hatchery and Grow Out)
Probiotics in shrimp culture have an outstanding positive impact in maintaining general health of the culture system, which includes both the animals and environment. Among the two broad categories of probiotics such as pond probiotics and gut probiotics, pond probiotics are of two categories. First category is the organisms, which are aimed at degrading the waste generated in the pond bottom and provide a healthier environment for the animals. Second category is the antagonistic bacteria, which suppress the pathogenic microbes present in the pond water and maintain a healthy balanced microbial ecosystem for better growth of the animals. Gut probiotics are aimed at modifying the intestinal microbial flora favorably by inhibiting or suppressing pathogenic bacteria such as vibrios. Besides, the probiotic organisms and their products have an immunostimulatory effect also. If properly selected and blended these organisms can participate in the process of food digestion by contributing to the pool of hydrolytic enzymes. But in all such preparations the desirable characteristics have to be selectively engineered and integrated if the expected results were to be obtained under field conditions.
A variety of commercial probiotic preparations are available in market from which selection of an appropriate one turn out to be beyond the capability of farmers. Basically, it has to be realized that probiotic organisms are viable biological entities, which have several specific requirements for growth and multiplication. Most of the probiotic preparations now available in India are the ones developed in other countries and imported as such or produced in India utilizing the organisms isolated from other countries. It is the case with the organisms isolated from unrelated environment say for example freshwater, soil and sewage. Because of these reasons the efficacy of such organisms in Indian aquaculture conditions happens to be much doubtful.
Considering this drawback with the available probiotic preparation this Centre had taken up a comprehensive research programme aiming at developing indigenous probiotics much needed for the Indian aquaculture and especially for shrimp culture. One among such products which the Centre could bring out was the PS –1
PS – 1(Fresh Water) PS- 2 (Brackish) and PS-4 (Marine)are preparations aimed at fresh, brackish and marine environments. For fresh water application the product will contain Pseudomonas aeruginosa MCCB 102 (Genbank Accession no. EF 062514) for brackish, MCCB 117 (Genbank Accession no.EF 062511) for marine and MCCB 119 (Genbank Accession no. EF 062513) for freshwater systems. All are indigenous isolates from Indian waters. The organism produces a bioactive molecule, Pyocyanin, preventing the growth of pathogenic Vibrio present in aquaculture systems. The product is available in 100 and 300-ml bottles, which consists of 109 to1010Cells/ml, adequate to exclude luminescent bacteria from hatchery and grow out systems.
The antagonistic molecule pyocyanin suppresses growth of Vibrio sp both in hatchery and grow outs. Increases survival rate of larvae.Improves overall health of the animal in grow out.
PS – series is normally pale yellow in colour on storage, attains a green colour on shaking. The preparation has a shelf life of 180 days at room temperature.In hatchery the application of PS – series can be initiated from Nauplius stage onwards at a rate 100-ml/ ton water /day to get 106 cells/ml of culture water. For effective colonization in a micro-ecosystem, the introduced organism must be in sufficiently large numbers.
COMPOSITION AND CHARACTERISTICS
PS – 1 is a preparation aimed at fresh, brackish and marine environments. For fresh water application the product will contain Pseudomonas aeruginosa MCCB 102 (Genbank Accession no. EF 062514) for brackish, MCCB 117 (Genbank Accession no.EF 062511) for marine and MCCB 119 (Genbank Accession no. EF 062513) for freshwater systems. All indigenous isolates from Indian waters. The organism produces a bioactive molecule, Pyocyanin, preventing the growth of pathogenic Vibrio present in aquaculture systems. The product is available in 100 and 300-ml bottles, which consists of 109 to 1012 Cells/ml, adequate to exclude luminescent bacteria from hatchery and grow out systems.
Advantages
- Produces the antagonistic molecule pyocyanin to suppress growth of Vibrio sp. both in hatchery and grow outs.
- Increases survival rate of larvae.
- Improves overall health of the animal in grow out.
Physical nature and shelf life
PS – 1 is normally pale yellow in colour on storage, attains a green colour on shaking. The preparation has a shelf life of 180 days at room temperature.
APPLICATION
Hatchery
In hatchery the application of PS – 1 can be initiated from Nauplius stage onwards at a rate 100-ml/ ton water /day to get 106 cells/ml of culture water.
Grow Out
For effective colonization in a micro-ecosystem, the introduced organism must be in sufficiently large numbers. Economic considerations dictate brewing PS-1 at farm site by the farmers themselves. Accordingly, 300-ml PS-1 containing 109-1012 cfu/ml would be required to obtain sufficient cell count for one-hectare pond by brewing overnight in 100-L medium.
PROTOCOL
Contents
PS-1 300 ml/hectar, Pond water 100 L, Rice bran/wheat bran 100 gm, Shrimp feed (expired) 700 gm.
Brewing Procedure
Filter pond water through muslin cloth, add cooked feed and rice/wheat bran, and empty PS -1 and maintain overnight (12 hours) with occasional stirring or aeration. Dilute the probiotic preparation with adequate quantity of pond water and spray over the pond. Prepare during evening and apply during the morning hours.
Dr. Prem Kumar, a Senior Scientist in the Finfish Culture Division at the ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education (ICAR-CIFE), is recognized for his contributions to finfish aquaculture and sustainable fish farming practices. His research focuses on advancing breeding, seed production, and grow-out techniques for economically important finfish species, essential for enhancing fish farming efficiency and profitability. Dr. Kumar has been instrumental in developing improved methods for breeding and rearing native fish species, supporting biodiversity conservation while boosting aquaculture productivity in India.
Dr. David Verner-Jeffreys is a Senior Scientist at WorldFish and an esteemed expert in aquatic animal health and aquaculture biosecurity. With a background in fish pathology and disease management, Dr. Verner-Jeffreys has dedicated his career to developing solutions that enhance disease prevention and sustainable health practices in aquaculture systems globally. His research focuses on combating infectious diseases that impact fish farming, particularly in developing countries, where aquaculture plays a crucial role in food security and livelihoods.
Dr. M. Shashi Shekhar, is a distinguished expert in aquatic animal health and environmental management in brackishwater aquaculture. With extensive experience in fish and shrimp health management, his work addresses critical challenges in disease prevention, environmental sustainability, and biosecurity, contributing to the growth and resilience of India’s brackishwater aquaculture sector. By emphasizing biosecurity, environmental monitoring, and eco-friendly health management practices, Dr. Shekhar has contributed to enhancing the resilience and sustainability of shrimp and fish farming.
Dr. K.V. Rajendran is a prominent aquaculture scientist at the ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education (ICAR-CIFE) in India, recognized for his expertise in fish health management and aquatic animal disease control. With a focus on advancing disease diagnostics, biosecurity, and sustainable health practices in aquaculture, Dr. Rajendran’s work has greatly contributed to improving the resilience and productivity of India’s aquaculture sector. His research addresses major challenges related to fish and shellfish health, particularly in diagnosing and managing viral, bacterial, and parasitic diseases that impact farmed species.
Dr. T. Raja Swaminathan is a renowned scientist at the ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (ICAR-CIFT) in Kochi, India, with expertise in fish health management, aquaculture biosecurity, and disease diagnostics. His work focuses on addressing challenges related to aquatic animal health, particularly in ensuring sustainable and safe practices in India’s aquaculture industry. Dr. Swaminathan is recognized for his contributions to the detection and control of fish and shellfish diseases, which are critical for enhancing productivity and reducing economic losses in aquaculture.
Dr. Neeraj Sood, a distinguished scientist at the ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources (ICAR-NBFGR) in India, is recognized for his work in fish genetics, conservation, and sustainable aquaculture practices. His research focuses on the genetic characterization and conservation of fish biodiversity, which is critical for protecting valuable genetic resources and promoting sustainable aquaculture. By identifying and cataloging fish species and their genetic diversity, Dr. Sood has contributed to the preservation of native fish species, ensuring that these resources can support resilient and productive aquaculture systems in India.
Dr. B. Santhosh, a leading scientist at the Vizhinjam Regional Centre of the ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (ICAR-CMFRI), is known for his impactful contributions to marine aquaculture and coastal fisheries development in India. His work focuses on advancing sustainable practices in mariculture, particularly in seed production, hatchery technology, and the cultivation of high-value marine species like finfish, shellfish, and sea cucumbers. Dr. Santhosh’s research has played a critical role in supporting livelihood opportunities for coastal communities by promoting aquaculture as a viable and environmentally sustainable industry.
Dr. Victoria Alday-Sanz is a renowned aquaculture expert at National Aquaculture Group (NAQUA) in Saudi Arabia, recognized globally for her work in shrimp health management, biosecurity, and sustainable aquaculture practices. With a background in veterinary science and extensive experience in aquatic animal health, Dr. Alday-Sanz has played a critical role in advancing shrimp farming practices to enhance productivity while maintaining rigorous biosecurity standards. Her work is instrumental in addressing major health challenges in shrimp aquaculture, particularly in the prevention and management of viral and bacterial diseases that can impact large-scale operations.
J.M.P.K. Jayasinghe is a distinguished figure in aquaculture, known for his contributions to sustainable fish farming practices, particularly in Asia. With a focus on innovative aquaculture technologies and resource management, he has dedicated his career to improving the productivity, efficiency, and environmental sustainability of aquaculture systems. Jayasinghe has been involved in developing best practices that help small-scale and commercial farmers enhance yields while minimizing the environmental impact, which is crucial for both economic growth and ecological health.
Dr. Vasant Kripa is the former Secretary of the Coastal Aquaculture Authority (CAA) in Chennai, India, and a highly respected scientist in marine biology, coastal aquaculture, and environmental management. With a career spanning over three decades, Dr. Kripa has been instrumental in developing policies and practices that promote sustainable and responsible coastal aquaculture in India. Her work has focused on balancing the growth of aquaculture with environmental conservation, ensuring that coastal ecosystems remain resilient and productive.
Dr. K.M. Shankar is the Vice Chairman of the Asian Fisheries Society, Indian Branch, and former Dean of the College of Fisheries in Mangalore, India. A highly respected figure in fish health management and aquaculture, Dr. Shankar has contributed significantly to advancing aquaculture science, particularly in aquatic animal health, biotechnology, and sustainable fisheries. His research focuses on pathogen detection, disease management, and biosecurity in aquaculture, addressing key challenges to improve productivity and sustainability in the industry.
Prof. Arun K. Dhar is a Professor and Director of the Aquaculture Pathology Laboratory at the School of Animal & Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The University of Arizona, USA. An expert in aquaculture pathology and virology, Prof. Dhar is highly regarded for his research on diseases affecting shrimp and other aquatic species. His work focuses on identifying, understanding, and managing viral pathogens that pose significant threats to aquaculture industries globally.
Dr. Iddya Karunasagar is a distinguished Indian microbiologist and food safety expert, known for his pioneering work in aquatic microbiology, aquaculture health, and public health. His research focuses on seafood safety and disease management in aquaculture, with significant contributions to understanding and controlling microbial pathogens, such as Vibrio species, which affect marine organisms. His work has helped develop diagnostic tools and strategies that promote sustainability in aquaculture and ensure safer seafood.
Dr. Pramoda Kumar Sahoo is the Director-cum-ICAR National Professor at the Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture (ICAR-CIFA). A leading expert in fish health management and aquatic animal diseases, Dr. Sahoo’s work focuses on advancing disease control, immunology, and molecular biology in freshwater aquaculture. His research is pivotal in improving the health, resilience, and sustainability of India’s aquaculture industry, which plays a vital role in food security and rural livelihoods.
Dr. Rohana Subasinghe is the Managing Director of FutureFish, a consultancy specializing in sustainable aquaculture and fisheries development. With over 30 years of experience in aquaculture, aquatic animal health, and international fisheries, Dr. Subasinghe is a globally recognized expert dedicated to promoting sustainable practices that support food security, environmental protection, and socioeconomic growth.
Dr. Eduardo Leano is the Director General of the Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific (NACA), an intergovernmental organization focused on sustainable aquaculture development in the Asia-Pacific region. With a strong background in aquatic animal health and pathology, Dr. Leano has dedicated his career to advancing sustainable aquaculture practices, improving disease management, and promoting biosecurity within the industry.